Date: 2015-02-18
Type of information: Results
phase:
Announcement: results
Company: Pluristem Therapeutics (Israel) National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) (USA)
Product: PLX-R18 cells (PLacental eXpanded RAD (PLX-RAD) cells)
Action
mechanism: cell therapy. Data from Mechanism of Action Study conducted by NIH: The objective of this study, performed at the Indiana University School of Medicine and funded by the Product Development Support Services Contract HHSN277201000046C from NIAID, was to investigate the mechanism of action behind the results of the NIH’s first study of the efficacy of PLX-R18 in ARS. That first study showed a significantly increased 30-day survival and overall survival time of mice treated with PLX-R18 compared to controls.
In the current study, 256 mice were randomized to be injected intramuscularly with PLX-R18 or placebo after total body irradiation, or PLX-R18 or placebo after sham irradiation. Mice were dosed intramuscularly with PLX-R18 cells or a placebo on day 1 and day 5 post-irradiation. Complete blood count parameters and body weight were measured at 8 post-irradiation time points (days 2, 4, 6, 9, 13, 15, 17, and 23), and bone marrow and spleen cellularity and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) were measured at 6 time points (days 2, 4, 6, 9, 13, and 23). Treatment with PLX-R18 cells significantly increased recovery of white blood cells (p=.0024), neutrophils (p=.0026), monocytes (p=.0272), red blood cells (p<.0001), platelets (p=.0005), hemoglobin (p<.0001), and hematocrit (p<.0001) at day 23 post-irradiation compared with vehicle-treated control mice. Increases in lymphocytes and percent of neutrophils were also observed, but were not statistically significant. The increase in bone marrow progenitor cells was accelerated in mice treated with PLX-R18 cells as compared to the control group, but this was not statistically significant. The population of bone marrow cells responsible for the earlier stages of new red cell, white cell, and platelet production began to increase before those involved in later stages of production; this is consistent with normal physiology in which the progenitor cells proliferate and replenish the more mature cell populations and eventually the peripheral blood cells.
Disease: acute radiation syndrome
Therapeutic area: Hematologic diseases
Country: USA
Trial
details: * On February 3, 2014, Pluristem Therapeutics has announced that the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), will commence a mechanism-of-action study of Pluristem’s PLacental eXpanded RAD (PLX-RAD) cells for the treatment of acute radiation syndrome (ARS). The study aims to investigate the effect of PLX-RAD cells on body weight, blood count parameters, cytokine concentrations and bone marrow or spleen cellularity at various time points following the administration of PLX-RAD cells to animals receiving total body irradiation. The study is scheduled to begin in February 2014.* On February 18, 2015, Pluristem Therapeutics announced the positive results of a recently completed trial conducted by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) to evaluate PLX-R18 cells to treat bone marrow damaged by exposure to high levels of radiation, such as can occur after a nuclear disaster. Injection of PLX-R18 cells into muscle, as compared to a placebo, resulted in a statistically significant improvement in the recovery of white blood cell, red blood cell, and platelet levels in animals exposed to high levels of radiation. The data also suggested that the treatment may potentially be able to shorten time to recovery. High levels of radiation can destroy the body’s ability to produce these three blood lineages, and rapidly regaining that capacity is a key factor in surviving the hematologic component of acute radiation syndrome (ARS), a condition caused by high-dose irradiation that can involve severe, sometimes lethal damage to the bone marrow as well as other physiologic systems and organs.
The objective of this latest trial was to investigate the mechanism of action behind the significant improvement in survival in irradiated mice treated with PLX-R18 that was demonstrated in the NIH’s first efficacy study. The results of the current study indicate that intramuscular administration exerts a systemic healing effect on bone marrow, lending further support to the concept that Pluristem’s cells work systemically via secretion of therapeutic proteins, although the cells themselves remain in the muscle into which they were initially injected. While additional animal trials are needed prior to FDA approval of PLX-R18 for use in ARS, no human trials would be required because product development is conducted under the FDA’s Animal Rule.
Pluristem is developing PLX-R18 cells for other potential indications including enhancement of engraftment of transplanted hematopoietic stem cells for the treatment of bone marrow deficiency. Trials for this indication are ongoing at Case Western University and Hadassah Medical Center. Data from the NIH studies in ARS are expected to benefit Pluristem’s development of its hematology program.Previous studies of PLX-R18 cells for ARS were conducted by Prof. Raphael Gorodetsky, head of the Biotechnology and Radiobiology Laboratory at the Sharett Institute of Oncology at the Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center. Those studies showed an up to four-fold increase in the survival rate of irradiated animals treated with PLX cells versus those treated with a control, as well as improvements in additional parameters. The findings have been published in the peer-reviewed journal PLOS ONE.
Following positive data from NIAID’s first study of PLX-RAD cells on irradiated animals’ hematological systems, Pluristem had announced on July 18th, 2013 NIAID’s intention to expand the scope of its PLX-RAD research. NIAID’s initial work showed that the overall survival of irradiated rodents treated with PLX-RAD cells significantly increased compared to that of the control group.
ARS studies of PLX-RAD cells also have been conducted by Prof. Raphael Gorodetsky, lead investigator of the study and head of the Biotechnology and Radiobiology Laboratory at the Sharett Institute of Oncology at the Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center. Those studies showed an up to four-fold increase in the survival rate of irradiated animals treated with PLX cells versus those treated with placebo, as well as improvements in additional parameters. The preclinical results for PLX-RAD cells have been published in peer reviewed journal PLOS ONE.
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