BIOPHARMANALYSES
Trend Chart oN
MICROBIOTa


BioPharmAnalyses is proud to announce the launch of its latest global report

NEW: « Landscape in… » Gene Therapy Companies

An In-Depth Overview and
An Accurate International Mapping of Companies
Involved in This Rapidly Evolving Field

More than 180 closely scrutinized companies...
More than 500 products identified...
More than 200 clinical trials listed...
More than 200 VC or investors mentionned...
More than 200 pathologies referred...

● Download sample pages ● To receive this report, fill in the subscription form

CHALLENGE US

Innovative Biotherapies, Artificial Intelligence,
Cell and Gene Therapies, Microbiome, MicroRNA,
Gene Editing, Orphan Drugs, Orphan Diseases,
Emerging diseases, Synthetic Biology.... and Whatever...

WE'LL BUILD FOR YOU TOOLS TAILORED TO YOUR NEEDS.


Don't hesitate to get in touch with us Anne-Lise Berthier (alb@biopharmanalyses.fr - 33(0)686 683 220) http://biopharmanalyses.fr

contents

September 2018, 18th
FEATURE STORY ● Influence of early life, diet, and the environment on the microbiome BASIC SCIENCE ● Pre- and probiotic overview ● Modulation of the gut microbiota to improve innate resistance ● Probiotics in paediatric neurogastroenterology DYSBIOSIS ● Roles for interleukin 17 and adaptive immunity in pathogenesis of colorectal cancer HOMEOSTASIS - THERAPY ● A well-tolerated and rapidly acting thiopurine for IBD? ● Fecal microbiota transfer for bowel disorders CLINICAL TRIALS - DATA ● Are household disinfectants microbially mediated obesogens? MISCELLANEOUS ● Regulating stool for microbiota transplantation

September 2018, 18th

FEATURE STORY

● Influence of early life, diet, and the environment on the microbiome

BASIC SCIENCE

● Pre- and probiotic overview

● Modulation of the gut microbiota to improve innate resistance

● Probiotics in paediatric neurogastroenterology

DYSBIOSIS

● Roles for interleukin 17 and adaptive immunity in pathogenesis of colorectal cancer

HOMEOSTASIS - THERAPY

● A well-tolerated and rapidly acting thiopurine for IBD?
● Fecal microbiota transfer for bowel disorders

CLINICAL TRIALS - DATA

● Are household disinfectants microbially mediated obesogens?

MISCELLANEOUS

● Regulating stool for microbiota transplantation

FEATURE STORY

Influence of early life, diet, and the environment on the microbiome

Advances in sequencing technology and bioinformatics have greatly enhanced our ability to understand the human microbiome. Over the last decade, a growing body of literature has linked nutrition and the environment to the microbiome and is now thought to be an important contributor to overall health. This paper reviews the literature from the past 10 years to highlight the influence of environmental factors such as diet, early life adversity and stress in shaping and modifying our microbiome towards health and disease. The review shows that many factors such as the mode of delivery, breast milk, stress, diet and medications can greatly influence the development of our gut microbiome and potentially make us more prone to certain diseases. By incorporating environmental factors into models that study the microbiome in the setting of health and disease, may provide a better understanding of disease and potentially new areas of treatment.
The review appeared in September 6th online issue of Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol

Related Informations/Publications

- Immunol Cell Biol . 2018 Sep 7. Early-life exposure to gut microbiota from disease protected mice does not impact disease outcome in type 1 diabetes susceptible NOD mice. Mullaney JA et al. University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Link: Abstract
-J Pediat r. 2018 Aug 30. pii: S0022-3476(18)30975-2. Diet during Pregnancy and Infancy and the Infant Intestinal Microbiome. Savage JH et al. Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA.
Link: Abstract
- Lab Anim (NY). 2018 Sep;47(9):239-243. Is maternal microbial metabolism an early-life determinant of health? Romano KA & Rey FE, Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Link: Abstract

BASIC SCIENCE

Pre- and probiotic overview

The dynamic relationship between gut microbiota and its human host is also known as a trophic association that might range from commensalism, where only the microbe enjoys a positive effect from the relationship, to intestinal symbiosis where both host and microbe benefit from their interaction. In the last years, we have started to understand how alterations of the gut microbiota composition leading to the disruption of host-microbial interactions are associated and/or predispose individuals to disease conditions ranging from inflammatory bowel diseases to allergy and functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome. While we await important insights in this field, the microbiota is already a therapeutic target. Based on the actual definitions, prebiotics are defined as substrates that are selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit, while probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host.
The review appeared in September 13th online issue of Curr Opin Pharmacol

Related Informations / Publications

- Curr Diab Rep . 2018 Sep 13;18(10):98. Altered Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes: Just a Coincidence? Sircana A et al. Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Sassari, Italy
Link : Abstract
-Eur J Public Health . 2018 Sep 14. Does probiotic consumption reduce antibiotic utilization for common acute infections? A systematic review and meta-analysis. King S et al. Cambridge, UK
Results / Comments : Probiotics, provided to reduce the risk for common acute infections, may be associated with reduced antibiotic use in infants and children.
Link : Abstract

Modulation of the gut microbiota to improve innate resistance

One major benefit from the association of hosts with the complex microbial communities that establish at body surfaces is the resistance to pathogen infection. This protective role of symbiotic microbes is becoming ever more relevant, given the alarming rise of multidrug-resistant pathogens and severe infections in patients following extensive antibiotic treatment. In a recent publication, French researchers highlight some recent mechanistic studies that have provided insights into how the highly dynamic dialogue amongst intestinal bacteria and between intestinal bacteria and their host can contribute to protect the host against pathogens in and outside the gut.
The review appeared in September 08th online issue of Curr Opin Immunol

Related Informations / Publications

- Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Sep 6. pii: S1043-2760(18)30144-9. Nutritional Modulation of Innate Immunity: The Fat-Bile-Gut Connection. Chevre R et al. Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
Results / Comments : A better understanding of nutrition signaling will permit the optimization of therapeutic and dietary strategies against the arising immune disorders
Link : Abstract
- Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Sep 5. Inflammasomes in the gastrointestinal tract: infection, cancer and gut microbiota homeostasis. Man SM. The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
Results / Comments : This review presents an overview of inflammasome biology in gastrointestinal health and disease and describes the value of experimental and pharmacological intervention in the treatment of inflammasome-associated clinical manifestations.
Link : Abstract

Probiotics in paediatric neurogastroenterology

The gut-brain axis has recently emerged as a key modulator of human health and the intestinal microbiome has a well-recognised pivotal role in this strong connection. The aim of this narrative review is to update and summarise the effect and clinical applicability of probiotics in paediatric neurogastroenterology. The Cochrane Database and PubMed were searched using keywords relating to different subtypes of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and their symptoms, those relating to the CNS and related neurological or behavioural dysfunction as well as 'probiotic' OR 'probiotics'. Included papers were limited to those including children (aged 0-18 years) and using English language. Although significant effects of specific strains have been reported in infants with FGIDs, heterogeneity amongst the studies (different products and concentrations used and FGID subtypes), has limited the ability to draw an overall conclusion on the clinical value of probiotics. According to different meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials, the use of Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938) was associated with a significant decrease in average crying time in infantile colic. There is moderate evidence for this strain and LGG and limited evidence (based on one study each) for the beneficial effect of VSL#3 and a three-strain bifidobacteria mix in abdominal pain FGIDs, particularly in the irritable bowel disease subgroup of children, but not in functional dyspepsia. There is currently no clear evidence of positive effects of oral probiotics in autistic spectrum disorder.
The review appeared in September 10th online issue of Benef Microbes

Related Informations / Publications

- Clin Nutr . 2018 Jul 9. pii: S0261-5614(18)31209-3. Towards microbiome-informed dietary recommendations for promoting metabolic and mental health: Opinion papers of the MyNewGut project. Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
Results / Comments : The review briefly summarizes the investigations conducted to better understand the role of dietary patterns and food components in metabolic and mental health and the specificities of the microbiome-mediating mechanisms.
Link : Abstract - Full Text
- Curr Opin Pediatr. 2015 Oct;27(5):619-24. Current concepts in functional gastrointestinal disorders. Kovacic K. Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
Results / Comments : This review highlights the complex mechanisms and the aberrant brain-gut neural connections forming the basis of FGIDs. Successful management of FGIDs requires knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology coupled with a multidisciplinary treatment approach.
Link : Abstract

DYSBIOSIS

Roles for interleukin 17 and adaptive immunity in pathogenesis of colorectal cancer

Sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and lethal cancers worldwide. The locations and functions of immune cells in the colorectal tumor microenvironment are complex and heterogeneous. T-helper (Th)1 cell-mediated responses against established colorectal tumors are associated with better outcomes of patients (time of relapse-free or overall survival), whereas Th17-cell mediated responses and production of interleukin 17A (IL17A) have been associated with worse outcomes of patients. Tumors that develop in mouse models of CRC are rarely invasive and differ in many ways from human colorectal tumors. However, these mice have been used to study the mechanisms by which Th17 cells and IL17A promote colorectal tumor initiation and growth, which appears to involve their direct effects on colon epithelial cells. Specific members of the colonic microbiota may promote IL17A production and IL17A-producing cell functions in the colonic mucosa to promote carcinogenesis.
The review appeared in September 12th online issue of Gastroenterology

Related Informations / Publications

-IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform. 2018 Sep 13. Detection of Colorectal Carcinoma Based on Microbiota Analysis using Generalized Regression Neural Networks and Nonlinear Feature Selection. Arabameri A et al. Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
Link: Abstract
-Medicines (Basel). 2018 Sep 7;5(3). Probiotics in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Hendler R & Zhang Y. Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, New York, NY 11794, USA
Link: Abstract

HOMEOSTASIS -THERAPY

A well-tolerated and rapidly acting thiopurine for IBD?

Thiopurine drugs continue to be a cornerstone of inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) treatment. Thiopurines are economical compared with many newer medical treatments for IBD, other chronic inflammatory diseases and leukaemia, although they are not without their shortcomings. These include a slow-onset therapeutic action and many adverse drug reactions. This feature article surveys published data, unpublished in vitro and in vivo experiments, as well as clinical experience, underpinning a rationale for bringing a novel thiopurine drug formulation to market. This formulation has a rapid action making it suitable for the induction and maintenance treatment of IBD and avoids most thiopurine-associated adverse reactions.
The review appeared in September 7th online issue of Drug Discov Today

Related Informations / Publications

- J Pediatr Psycho l. 2018 Aug 17. Longitudinal Barriers to Thiopurine Adherence in Adolescents With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Plevinsky JM et al. Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
Link: Abstract
-Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2018 Jun 16. The Impact of Thiopurine Metabolite Monitoring on the Durability of Thiopurine Monotherapy in Pediatric IBD. Spencer E et al. Mt. Sinai Hospital, Susan and Leonard Feinstein IBD Center, New York, New York, USA
Link: Abstract

Fecal microbiota transfer for bowel disorders

Dysbiosis has been related to the pathophysiology of disorders of - gut-brain interaction (DGBI) including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional constipation (FC). Accordingly, modulation of gut microbiota has been proposed as a potential treatment for these disorders. Gut microbiota modulation can be effected by probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, postbiotics, antibiotics and fecal transplantation (FMT) or bacteriotherapy. The latter is currently used for recurrent or severe Clostridium difficile colitis and has been the focus of recent research in IBS and FC. Several case series reported promising results for FMT in patients with IBS and FC, which prompted the conduction of randomized controlled trials (RCT) in these DGBI. Both case series and RCTs are herein discussed. To the best of the current knowledge, as of yet, 5 RCTs have been published on IBS and one in FC with slow colonic transit. In IBS, the majority of studies have used the IBS severity scoring system (IBS-SSS) as an outcome measure; however, the selection criteria were different among the trials as well as the route and form of administration of the FMT. Therefore, the results are inconsistent and no conclusion can be drawn.
The review appeared in September 12th online issue of Currr Opin Pharmacol

Related Informations / Publications

- Front Microbiol . 2018 Jun 12;9:1242. Mechanistic Insights in the Success of Fecal Microbiota Transplants for the Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infections. Baktash A et al. Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Link: Abstract - Full Text
- J Inflamm Res . 2018 Aug 31;11:321-328. Fecal microbiota transplant - a new frontier in inflammatory bowel disease. Sunkara T et al. The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA
Results / Comments: More studies are needed to assess the optimal route of administration and the frequency of FMT, the best matched donor for each patient as well as the risks associated with FMT in IBD
Link: Abstract
- Clujul Med . 2018 Jul;91(3):259-265. Fecal transplantation: digestive and extradigestive clinical applications. Philip M et al. Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Link: Abstract - Full Text

CLINICAL TRIALS - DATA

Are household disinfectants microbially mediated obesogens?

Emerging links between household cleaning products and childhood overweight may involve the gut microbiome. Canadian researchers determined mediating effects of infant gut microbiota on associations between home use of cleaning products and future overweight. From the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) birth cohort, they tested associations between maternal report of cleaning product use and overweight at age 3, and whether associations were mediated by microbial profiles of fecal samples in 3- to 4-month-old infants. Among 757 infants, the abundance of specific gut microbiota was associated with household cleaning with disinfectants and eco-friendly products in a dose-dependent manner.
The results appeared in September 17th online issue of the Canadian Medical Association Journal

Related Informations / Publications

-J Formos Med Assoc . 2018 Jul 26. The gut microbiome in obesity. Tseng CH & Wu CY. Germark Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taichung, Taiwan
Link : Abstract - Full Text

miscellaneous

Regulating stool for microbiota transplantation

In 2017 Gut Microbes published "A proposed definition of microbiota transplantation for regulatory purposes," in which the authors suggest that regulators should draw a line between microbiota transplants and biologic drugs composed of microbial communities (or other products derived from the human microbiome). They develop a definition of microbiota transplantation (MT) to help regulators draw such a line, and suggest that MT need not be, and cannot be, regulated as a biologic drug (a live biotherapeutic product). However, an agency's regulatory scrutiny of a medical product should be commensurate with that product's degree of risk to patients. Products for MT, such as stool, are likely to be as or more dangerous than more highly manipulated microbial products that scientists and regulators agree should be regulated as biologic drugs. Therefore, Researchers now argue that MT, as defined by the authors, should receive the same regulatory oversight as any other biologic product intended to cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent disease. They also suggest that regulators might not be able to operationalize the proposed definition of MT.
The analysis appered in September 13th online issue of Gut Microbes

Related Informations / Publications

- Am J Bioeth . 2017 May;17(5):34-45 . Ethical Issues in Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Practice. Ma Y et al. Xiamen University, China
Results / Comments : Authorities must prioritize development of appropriate and effective regulation of FMT to safeguard patients and donors, promote further research into safety and efficacy, and avoid abuse of the treatment
Link : Abstract
- Gut Microbes . 2017 May 4;8(3):208-213. A proposed definition of microbiota transplantation for regulatory purposes. Hoffmann DE et al. School of Law , University of Maryland , Baltimore , MD , USA Link : Abstract - Full Text

Please, add our e-mail (alb@biopharmanalyses.fr) to your e-mail address book.
To learn more about us:

LinkedIn BioPharmAnalyses
LinkedIn Anne-Lise Berthier
Twitter

Open in a browser/ Ouvrir dans un navigateur
Unsubscribe/ Se désinscrire
Click here to print this newsletter.

© BioPharmAnalyses.